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Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Types of Selection

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...

Frequency-dependent Selection

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.

Law of Independent Assortment

Law of Independent Assortment

While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.

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Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing

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Published on: September 1, 2017

Kin selection under blending inheritance.

¹Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom. andy.gardner@zoo.ox.ac.uk

Journal of Theoretical Biology

|July 7, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores kin selection theory under blending inheritance, finding Hamilton's rule is derivable but complicates relatedness. The ultimate criterion for social adaptation remains consistent, clarifying the gene's role.

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary Biology
Behavioral Ecology
Genetics

Background:

Charles Darwin's insights on kin selection were limited by his understanding of heredity.
Previous theories of social adaptation often assume particulate inheritance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the possibility of developing a quantitative theory of kin selection under blending inheritance.
To clarify the role of genes in social adaptation theory by examining kin selection under different inheritance models.

Main Methods:

Derivation of Hamilton's rule under the assumption of blending inheritance.
Analysis of the impact of blending inheritance on relatedness coefficients over generations.
Comparison of social adaptation criteria under blending versus particulate inheritance.

Main Results:

Hamilton's rule for kin selection is derivable even with blending inheritance.
Blending inheritance complicates the calculation and can cause fluctuations in relatedness coefficients.
The time-averaged form of Hamilton's rule, as a criterion for social adaptation, remains consistent across both inheritance models.

Conclusions:

A quantitative theory of kin selection is possible under blending inheritance.
While computationally complex, blending inheritance does not fundamentally alter the ultimate criterion for social adaptation.
Removing the gene from kin selection theory clarifies its foundational role in social adaptation.