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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies.
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Dietary pattern and bone density changes in elderly women: a longitudinal study.

Claudio Pedone1, Nicola Napoli, Paolo Pozzilli

  • 1Area di Geriatria, Università Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy. c.pedone@unicampus.it

Journal of the American College of Nutrition
|July 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dietary patterns influence bone mineral density (BMD) changes. A diet exceeding macronutrient recommendations showed greater increases in cortical BMD, suggesting diet

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Limited data exist on diet's general impact on bone health.
  • Understanding dietary patterns is crucial for maintaining bone mineral density (BMD) in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct dietary patterns in older women.
  • To assess the association between these dietary patterns and changes in BMD over time.

Main Methods:

  • Cluster analysis was used to identify dietary patterns in 434 women aged ≥65 years from the InCHIANTI Study.
  • Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using computed tomography of the tibia.
  • Nutritional intake was assessed via the EPIC questionnaire over a 6-year follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct dietary clusters emerged, primarily differing in energy intake.
  • No significant baseline differences in BMD or 6-year BMD changes were observed between clusters.
  • The cluster with higher energy intake showed a greater increase in cortical BMD (+30.2 mg/cm(3)) compared to the other cluster (+16.7 mg/cm(3)).

Conclusions:

  • Diets exceeding the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for macronutrients are associated with increased cortical bone mineral density (BMD).
  • Cortical bone may be more responsive to dietary factors and interventions than trabecular bone.