Controlled synthesis of rod-like LiVMoO(6) nanocrystals for application in lithium-ion batteries

This paper reports a newly developed method for the shape and size control of transition metal composite oxides, such as LiVMoO(6), to obtain significantly enhanced electrode properties for lithium-ion batteries. Rod-like LiVMoO(6) nanocrystals were synthesized through a designed route of partial reduction, self-assembly and re-oxidation. V(5+) and Mo(6+) ions were used with low-grade starting materials to get a mixed valence of V and Mo. It is believed that ion pairs of V(5+)/V(4+) or Mo(6+)/Mo(5+) in the resultant mixture play an important role in the formation of a template precursor by self-assembly during a rheological phase reaction, although further explanation is required. The electrochemical performance of the LiVMoO(6) obtained has been much improved due to the increased crystallinity and reduced particle size of this material. 176 mA h g(-1) and 166 mA h g(-1) capacity was delivered in the initial discharge with a reversible capacity retention of 94.8% and 95.3% after 100 cycles in the range of 3.6-1.80 V versus metallic Li at 1 and 3 C current rate, respectively.