Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:

Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions

Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions

Overview
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn stereochemistry.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Excimer laser-assisted ex vivo model for eccentric keratoconus in human donor corneas.

Experimental eye research·2026

Same author

Influence of Temperature on the Optical Properties of Ternary Organic Thin Films for Photovoltaics.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Metal-insulator transition of spinless fermions coupled to dispersive optical bosons.

Scientific reports·2024

Same author

Effect of thermal treatment on ZnO:Tb<sup>3+</sup> nano-crystalline thin films and application for spectral conversion in inverted organic solar cells.

RSC advances·2022

Same author

Charge measurement of SiO_{2} nanoparticles in an rf plasma by ir absorption.

Physical review. E·2021

Same author

Tuning Valleys and Wave Functions of van der Waals Heterostructures by Varying the Number of Layers: A First-Principles Study.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2021

Same journal

Ultra-Sensitive UV Photodetectors Enabled by Built-in Electric Fields in Hierarchical NP-Type Porous Silicon.

Nanotechnology·2026

Same journal

Effect of sintering temperature on structural, microstructural and magnetic properties of La<sub>0.8</sub>Sr<sub>0.2</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>: Evolution of faceting and terrace like morphology.

Nanotechnology·2026

Same journal

Engineered V2C MXene Anchored Cu Nanoparticles for Selective Nitrate/Nitrite Sensing and Magneto-Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Nanotechnology·2026

Same journal

Quantitative Mechanism Separation of Single-Event Transients in Nanosheet Transistors via TCAD Simulation.

Nanotechnology·2026

Same journal

Antibacterial, mechanical and curing properties of PMMA bone cement loaded with copper nanoparticles.

Nanotechnology·2026

Same journal

Deep learning-enabled self-powered bimodal flexible sensor for intelligent access control.

Nanotechnology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Functionalizing graphene by embedded boron clusters.

Alexander Quandt¹, Cem Ozdoğan, Jens Kunstmann

¹CNR-IFN Trento, CSMFO group, Via Alla Cascata 56/c, 38050 Povo-Trento, Italy.

|July 7, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a graphene nanodevice model using boron clusters. This system allows for controlled layout and modifies electronic properties, offering a new approach to nanomaterial functionalization.

More Related Videos

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Preparation and Characterization of C₆₀/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Preparation and Characterization of C₆₀/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Graphene is a promising material for nanodevices due to its unique electronic properties.
Controlled fabrication of complex graphene-based nanostructures remains a challenge.
Functionalization of graphene is key to tailoring its properties for specific applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a model system for the controlled layout of graphene-based nanodevices.
To investigate the effect of implanted boron clusters on graphene's electronic properties.
To explore a novel method for functionalizing graphene nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

Developing a model system involving chains of Boron-7 (B(7)) clusters implanted in a graphene matrix.
Simulating the interaction and acceptance of alternating B(7)-Carbon(6) chains within the graphene.
Analyzing the electronic property modifications induced by the implanted boron components.

Main Results:

The graphene matrix readily accommodates alternating B(7)-C(6) chains.
Implanted boron clusters significantly alter the electronic properties of graphene nanomaterials.
The system demonstrates a potential for creating functionalized graphene with tunable semiconducting properties.

Conclusions:

The proposed model system serves as a blueprint for controlled graphene nanodevice fabrication.
Alternating chains of implanted boron clusters can provide essential wiring for functionalized graphene.
This approach enables the development of advanced graphene-based nanomaterials with supplementary semiconducting characteristics.