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Renal stones: evolving epidemiology and management
Beth L Schissel1, Bernadette K Johnson
1Division of Emergency Medical Services, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA. blschissel@cmh.edu
Pediatric Emergency Care
|July 7, 2011
Summary
Pediatric renal stone disease is increasing, with a shift from infectious to metabolic causes. This review highlights changing trends and provides a clinical framework for evaluation, diagnosis, and management of kidney stones in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Urology
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- Adult renal stone incidence is rising.
- Pediatric nephrolithiasis evaluations have increased fourfold in the last decade.
- Pediatric kidney stone diagnoses have increased sevenfold.
Observation:
- The causes of kidney stones in children are shifting.
- Historically infectious causes are decreasing.
- Metabolic causes are becoming more prevalent.
Findings:
- This literature review emphasizes the changing epidemiology of pediatric renal stone disease.
- Etiology has transitioned from infectious to metabolic origins.
- A framework for clinical evaluation and diagnostic tool utilization is presented.
Implications:
- Early identification and appropriate diagnostic strategies are crucial for pediatric kidney stones.
- Understanding the shift towards metabolic causes informs targeted prevention.
- Guidance on treatment and prevention strategies for pediatric renal stone disease is provided.
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