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Cytomegalovirus antigenemia.

T H The1, W van der Bij, A P van den Berg

  • 1Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Reviews of Infectious Diseases
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
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The new cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia test offers rapid and accurate diagnosis of active CMV infections. This direct detection method provides earlier results than traditional tests, aiding in timely treatment for immunocompromised patients.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Diagnostic Medicine

Background:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection poses significant risks, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Accurate and timely diagnosis of active CMV infection is crucial for effective management.
  • Existing diagnostic methods have limitations in speed and sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of the novel CMV antigenemia test.
  • To compare the performance of the CMV antigenemia test with established diagnostic techniques.
  • To explore the correlation between CMV antigenemia levels and disease severity or host immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Immunocytochemical detection of CMV immediate early antigens in blood leukocytes.
  • Comparison with virus isolation, serologic tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

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  • Analysis of technical aspects, potential pitfalls, and diagnostic merits.

    • Main Results:

    • The CMV antigenemia test demonstrates high sensitivity (≥90%, 100% in symptomatic patients) and specificity (≥90%) for active CMV infection.
    • Diagnosis is achieved at least one week earlier compared to other methods.
    • CMV antigenemia levels correlate with disease severity and inversely with host immunocompetence.

    Conclusions:

    • The CMV antigenemia test is valuable for early, rapid diagnosis of life-threatening CMV infections in immunocompromised patients.
    • It serves as a tool for studying CMV immunopathophysiology.
    • The test shows promise as a marker for monitoring disease activity and treatment response.