Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model01:20

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model

The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Early peripheral blood gene expression predicts 90-day outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2025
Same author

Ischemic Stroke with Comorbid Cancer Has Specific miRNA-mRNA Networks in Blood That Vary by Ischemic Stroke Mechanism.

Annals of neurology·2024
Same author

Safety and Efficacy of Dual Thrombolytic Therapy With Mutant Prourokinase and Small Bolus Alteplase for Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA neurology·2023
Same author

Gene expression changes implicate specific peripheral immune responses to Deep and Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhages in humans.

Brain hemorrhages·2023
Same author

White matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism, and APP/Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology: A hypothesis and review.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2023
Same author

Monocyte, neutrophil, and whole blood transcriptome dynamics following ischemic stroke.

BMC medicine·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence
07:54

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Published on: October 25, 2011

Heterogeneity in the penumbra.

Gregory J del Zoppo1, Frank R Sharp, Wolf-Dieter Heiss

  • 1Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA. grgdlzop@u.washington.edu

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
|July 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The ischemic penumbra, initially thought to be a salvageable area around a stroke core, is now understood to be more complex. Acute stroke injury involves dynamic

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
07:18

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Published on: February 18, 2022

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
12:29

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling

Published on: May 30, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence
07:54

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Published on: October 25, 2011

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
07:18

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Published on: February 18, 2022

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
12:29

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling

Published on: May 30, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cerebrovascular Research
  • Stroke Pathophysiology

Background:

  • The concept of the ischemic penumbra was based on early primate models of focal ischemia.
  • Initial definitions suggested a homogeneous injury core surrounded by a salvageable penumbra.
  • Previous imaging techniques supported a simplified view of stroke injury zones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the definition and characteristics of the ischemic penumbra in focal ischemia.
  • To investigate the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of the ischemic core and surrounding tissue.
  • To integrate molecular and vascular data with advanced imaging findings in human stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Review of original experimental studies in nonhuman primate models.
  • Analysis of molecular and vascular integrity data.
  • Examination of updated imaging techniques and data processing in human focal ischemia.

Main Results:

  • The ischemic core is not homogeneous but comprises multiple 'mini-cores' and 'mini-penumbras' in the acute phase.
  • Injury progresses over time from multiple foci to a more homogeneous defect.
  • Updated human imaging confirms dynamic changes within both the core and penumbra.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional definition of the ischemic penumbra requires revision due to observed heterogeneity and dynamics.
  • Acute stroke injury is a complex, time-dependent process involving multiple small injury foci.
  • Advanced imaging supports a more nuanced understanding of stroke pathophysiology in humans.