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Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
J Mitri1, M D Muraru, A G Pittas
1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|July 7, 2011
Summary
Adequate vitamin D intake may reduce type 2 diabetes risk. However, vitamin D supplementation did not improve glycemic control in most studies, though it improved insulin resistance in some. Further research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Nutritional Science
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Vitamin D's potential role in modifying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk is under investigation.
- Understanding the association between vitamin D status and T2DM incidence is crucial for public health.
- The impact of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control requires further clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review observational studies on vitamin D status and incident T2DM.
- To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic outcomes in T2DM.
- To synthesize current evidence on vitamin D's role in T2DM development and management.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of English-language studies indexed in MEDLINE up to February 2011.
- Inclusion of longitudinal cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
- Extraction and quality assessment of study characteristics and results.
Main Results:
- Observational studies indicated that higher vitamin D intake (>500 IU/day) and status (>25 ng/ml) were associated with a reduced risk of T2DM.
- Meta-analysis of observational studies showed a 13% decreased risk with higher intake and a 43% lower risk with higher vitamin D status.
- Vitamin D supplementation did not affect glycemic outcomes in most RCTs, but improved insulin resistance in patients with baseline glucose intolerance.
Conclusions:
- Vitamin D may play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes.
- High-quality observational studies and RCTs measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D are needed.
- Further research should focus on clinically relevant glycemic outcomes to define vitamin D's precise role.
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