Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...

Primary Healthcare Services

Primary Healthcare Services

Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...

The Nativist Approach

The Nativist Approach

The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to exist...

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
Schemata...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Medicaid claims alone have high sensitivity but low specificity in identifying child abuse and neglect.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026

Same author

The Impact of Paid Family Leave on Employers: Evidence from New York.

Community, work & family·2025

Same author

Depressive symptoms in adolescence and adult educational and employment outcomes: a structured life course analysis.

Psychological medicine·2024

Same author

Transitioning to adulthood: Are conventional benchmarks as protective today as they were in the past?

Social science research·2024

Same author

Inequalities in Resources for Preschool-Age Children by Parental Education: Evidence from Six Advanced Industrialized Countries.

European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie·2023

Same author

Teacher judgements and gender achievement gaps in primary education in England, Germany, and the US.

Social science research·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

Early Years Policy.

Jane Waldfogel¹, Elizabeth Washbrook

¹Social Work and Public Affairs, Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027.

Child Development Research

|July 7, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Early years policy can help close educational achievement gaps. This study analyzes income-related school readiness disparities in the US and UK, identifying factors contributing to these gaps and suggesting effective early intervention programs.

More Related Videos

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

Area of Science:

Education Policy
Developmental Psychology
Socioeconomic Disparities

Background:

Significant income-related gaps in school readiness exist before formal education begins.
These disparities are evident in both the United States and the United Kingdom.
Understanding the root causes of these gaps is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the role of early years policy in narrowing educational attainment gaps.
To examine income-related differences in school readiness among young children.
To identify factors contributing to the poorer school readiness of low-income children.

Main Methods:

Analysis of data from large, nationally representative birth cohort studies in the US and UK.
Decomposition of school readiness gaps to identify contributing factors.
Review of existing evidence on effective early years programs.

Main Results:

Sizable income-related gaps in school readiness are present before school entry in both countries.
Specific factors contributing to lower scores among low-income children were identified.
Evidence suggests certain early years programs show promise in addressing these disparities.

Conclusions:

Early years policy interventions are critical for mitigating educational attainment gaps.
Targeted programs can address socioeconomic disparities in school readiness.
Further research and implementation of evidence-based policies are recommended.