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Evolution of ruminant headgear: a review.

Edward Byrd Davis¹, Katherine A Brakora, Andrew H Lee

¹Museum of Natural and Cultural History and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1224, USA. edavis@uoregon.edu

Proceedings. Biological Sciences

|July 8, 2011

Summary

Ruminant cranial appendages, or headgear, evolved through multiple origins, with developmental data crucial for understanding evolutionary pathways. Further research into ossicone and pronghorn development is needed.

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Systematics
Developmental biology

Background:

Ruminant cranial appendages, termed headgear, include antlers, horns, pronghorns, and ossicones.
Existing phylogenies and developmental data present conflicting views on headgear evolution.
Understanding the evolutionary origins of headgear remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize current knowledge on ruminant headgear evolution.
To evaluate hypotheses regarding single versus multiple origins of headgear.
To highlight the critical role of developmental data in resolving evolutionary questions.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on ruminant headgear evolution.
Analysis of molecular and morphological phylogenies.
Synthesis of available data on headgear development.

Main Results:

Phylogenetic and developmental data suggest different evolutionary scenarios for ruminant headgear.
Previous hypotheses of single versus multiple origins are re-evaluated in light of new phylogenetic data.
Developmental data are essential for a comprehensive understanding of headgear evolution.

Conclusions:

Headgear evolution is complex, with evidence supporting multiple origins.
Integrating developmental data with phylogenetic and morphological studies is crucial.
Future research should focus on early development, specific appendage types (pronghorn, ossicone), and fossil histology.