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Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats

Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats

Published on: March 13, 2012

Light microscopic sciatic nerve changes in control beagle dogs from toxicity studies.

Katharine M Whitney¹, Annette J Schwartz Sterman, Jackie O'Connor

¹Global Preclinical Safety, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA. katharine.whitney@abbott.com

Toxicologic Pathology

|July 8, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Spontaneous microscopic changes in dog sciatic nerves are common, particularly myelin aggregation (91%). This study establishes a baseline for identifying compound-related nerve damage in toxicity assessments.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Pathology
Toxicology
Neuroscience

Background:

Limited data exists on spontaneous microscopic changes in canine peripheral nerves.
Dogs are frequently used in regulatory safety evaluations of compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the incidence and types of spontaneous microscopic changes in canine sciatic nerves.
To establish a baseline for interpreting nerve changes in toxicity studies.

Main Methods:

Retrospective examination of sciatic nerve histology from 81 control dogs.
Quantification of microscopic changes per square millimeter of nerve tissue.

Main Results:

Common spontaneous changes included digestion chambers, vacuolation, bands of Büngner, and myelin aggregation.
Myelin aggregation was the most frequent change (91%) and observed in all samples.
No significant age- or sex-related trends in the density of these changes were found.

Conclusions:

These findings provide a reference range for normal microscopic variations in canine sciatic nerves.
This baseline is crucial for distinguishing spontaneous changes from compound-induced effects in toxicity studies.