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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
06:39

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

Early breastfeeding experiences and postpartum depression.

Stephanie Watkins1, Samantha Meltzer-Brody, Denniz Zolnoun

  • 1From Gillings School of Global Public Health and the Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|July 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Negative early breastfeeding experiences are linked to a higher likelihood of postpartum depression. Women experiencing breastfeeding difficulties should be screened for depressive symptoms.

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Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents
07:30

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Published on: June 10, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Maternal Mental Health
  • Lactation Studies

Background:

  • The postpartum period is critical for maternal and infant well-being.
  • Lactation failure and postpartum depression are significant concerns for new mothers.
  • The relationship between early breastfeeding experiences and postpartum depression requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the association between early breastfeeding experiences and postpartum depression at two months postpartum.
  • To analyze how specific breastfeeding challenges impact the likelihood of developing postpartum depression.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of the Infant Feeding Practices Study II data.
  • Logistic regression modeling was used to assess the association.
  • Postpartum depression status was evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

Main Results:

  • Among 2,586 women who breastfed, 8.6% experienced major depression at two months postpartum.
  • Negative breastfeeding experiences, such as dislike or severe pain in the first weeks, significantly increased the odds of postpartum depression.
  • Receiving breastfeeding support appeared protective for women experiencing moderate to severe pain.

Conclusions:

  • Negative early breastfeeding experiences are associated with an increased likelihood of postpartum depressive symptoms.
  • Healthcare providers should consider screening women with breastfeeding difficulties for postpartum depression.
  • Early identification and support for breastfeeding challenges may help mitigate the risk of postpartum depression.