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Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
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Published on: October 16, 2012

Anticonvulsants for tinnitus.

Carlijn El Hoekstra1, Sybren P Rynja, Gijsbert A van Zanten

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, G05.127, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3584 CX.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|July 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Anticonvulsants show no significant positive effect for chronic tinnitus treatment. While some studies suggest a small, possibly insignificant benefit, side effects were reported in 18% of patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Tinnitus is a prevalent, distressing symptom with limited therapeutic options.
  • The perception of sound without external stimuli affects a significant portion of the population.
  • Current treatments for tinnitus lack adequate efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of anticonvulsant medications in managing chronic tinnitus.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials on anticonvulsants for tinnitus.
  • To assess both primary and secondary outcomes, including tinnitus improvement and adverse effects.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Searched major databases including Cochrane, MEDLINE, and EMBASE up to May 2010.
  • Included RCTs comparing oral anticonvulsants with placebo in chronic tinnitus patients, assessing validated questionnaires and self-reported outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Seven trials involving 453 patients investigated gabapentin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and flunarizine.
  • Most studies exhibited high or unclear risk of bias; no significant positive effect was found for anticonvulsants on primary outcomes.
  • A small, potentially non-significant favorable effect was observed in a meta-analysis of self-assessed tinnitus improvement, with 18% experiencing side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Existing evidence on anticonvulsants for tinnitus is limited by significant risk of bias.
  • Anticonvulsants do not demonstrate a large positive effect in treating chronic tinnitus.
  • A small effect, of questionable clinical significance, may exist, alongside reported adverse drug effects.