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FLOWERING LOCUS T regulates stomatal opening.

Toshinori Kinoshita¹, Natsuko Ono, Yuki Hayashi

¹Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan. kinoshita@bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Current Biology : CB

|July 9, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Blue light activates stomatal opening by regulating the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. Flowering locus T (FT) and early flowering 3 (ELF3) genes are key regulators in guard cells, controlling stomatal responses.

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Molecular Plant Physiology
Photobiology

Background:

Stomatal pores regulate plant gas exchange, responding to environmental cues like light and CO2.
Phototropins (phot1, phot2) mediate blue-light-induced stomatal opening via plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activation.
The signaling pathway linking phototropins to H(+)-ATPase activity remains largely unelucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in blue-light-mediated stomatal opening.
To identify novel components in the phototropin signaling pathway regulating stomatal function.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling guard cell H(+)-ATPase activity.

Main Methods:

Isolation and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, including the scs1-1 (elf3 phot1 phot2) triple mutant.
Analysis of stomatal aperture, H(+)-ATPase activity, and FT gene expression in wild-type and mutant plants.
Generation and analysis of transgenic plants with altered FT expression in guard cells.

Main Results:

The elf3 phot1 phot2 triple mutant (scs1-1) exhibited constitutively open stomata with elevated H(+)-ATPase activity and increased FT mRNA levels in guard cells.
Overexpression of FT in guard cells led to open stomata, while the ft-1 loss-of-function mutant displayed closed stomata.
FT loss-of-function impaired blue-light-induced H(+)-ATPase activation in guard cells.

Conclusions:

FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) plays a cell-autonomous role in regulating stomatal opening.
The flowering time genes ELF3 and FT are integral components of the blue-light signaling pathway controlling guard cell H(+)-ATPase activity.
This study reveals a novel function for FT in stomatal physiology, linking flowering time regulation to photoperception.