Use of polyphase continuous excitation based on the Frank sequence in EPR

Polyphase continuous excitation based on the Frank sequence is suggested as an alternative to single pulse excitation in EPR. The method allows reduction of the source power, while preserving the excitation bandwidth of a single pulse. For practical EPR implementation the use of a cross-loop resonator is essential to provide isolation between the spin system and the resonator responses to the excitation. Provided that a line broadening of about 5% is acceptable, the cumulative turning angle of the magnetization vector generated by the excitation sequence can be quite large and can produce signal amplitudes that are comparable to that achieved with a higher power 90° pulse.