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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
07:17

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Published on: April 14, 2016

Bone metastases, general and clinical issues.

C Greco1, L Forte, P Erba

  • 1Department of Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. c.greco@med.unipi.it

The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging : Official Publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [And] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [And] Section of the Society Of
|July 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone metastases are common and cause significant morbidity, leading to skeletal-related events (SREs). This review covers diagnosis and treatment, highlighting radiotherapy for pain and oligometastatic disease.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Orthopedics
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • The skeleton is the most frequent site of metastasis from solid tumors.
  • Bone metastases cause significant morbidity and skeletal-related events (SREs), impacting quality of life.
  • High incidence necessitates substantial healthcare resources for management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss clinical issues in the diagnosis of skeletal metastases.
  • To review available treatment approaches for bone metastases.
  • To emphasize the role of external beam-radiotherapy in managing bone metastases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical issues concerning diagnosis and treatment of skeletal metastases.
  • Discussion of management strategies based on disease presentation.
  • Emphasis on external beam-radiotherapy for palliation and potential ablation.

Main Results:

  • Bone metastases present significant diagnostic and clinical challenges.
  • Skeletal-related events (SREs) include pain, fractures, neurologic deficits, and hypercalcemia.
  • External beam-radiotherapy is a key local treatment for pain palliation and epidural compression.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal management of skeletal metastases is multifactorial, depending on disease biology, extent, symptoms, and patient factors.
  • External beam-radiotherapy offers palliative benefits for bone pain and potential ablative treatment for oligometastatic disease.
  • Image-guided irradiation (IGRT) shows promise for ablative approaches in select patients.