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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation
14:27

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation

Published on: August 8, 2016

Nuclear size, nuclear pore number and cell cycle.

Kazuhiro Maeshima1, Haruki Iino, Saera Hihara

  • 1Biological Macromolecules Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan. kmaeshim@lab.nig.ac.jp

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)
|July 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) regulate nuclear pore complex (NPC) formation during cell division in human cells. Cdks are essential for early NPC assembly, but not for nuclear volume changes.

Keywords:
bio-imagingcell-fusioncyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdks)nuclear pore complex (NPC)nuclear size

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation
14:27

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation

Published on: August 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The nucleus houses genomic DNA and relies on nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) for transport.
  • Nuclear volume and NPC numbers increase during cell division, but regulation is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in interphase NPC formation.
  • To understand the coordination between nuclear growth and NPC biogenesis in the cell cycle.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized dividing human cells to study NPC formation.
  • Inhibited cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) to observe effects on NPC biogenesis.
  • Assessed expression and localization of nucleoporins.

Main Results:

  • Cdk inhibition blocked the formation of nascent nuclear pores (immature NPCs).
  • Cdk inhibition affected nucleoporin expression and localization.
  • Nuclear volume was not impacted by Cdk inhibition, indicating separate regulatory pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are crucial for the initial steps of interphase NPC formation.
  • Nuclear growth and NPC biogenesis are independently regulated during the cell cycle.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of interphase NPC formation.