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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

Published on: August 5, 2022

DNA methylation in thyroid tumorigenesis.

Josena K Stephen¹, Dhananjay Chitale, Vinod Narra

¹Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

|July 9, 2011

Summary

DNA hypermethylation in CASP8, RASSF1, and NIS genes may indicate early thyroid cancer development. This pilot study suggests these epigenetic changes occur regardless of thyroid cancer type.

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy.
Epigenetic alterations, particularly DNA hypermethylation, are crucial in cancer development.
Identifying early detection markers is vital for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify potential DNA methylation markers for the early detection of thyroid cancer.
To investigate aberrant promoter methylation in tumor suppressor genes in thyroid cancer patients.

Main Methods:

A pilot study involving 21 patients with thyroid cancer, normal thyroid tissue, and hyperthyroid tissue.
Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) assay used for 24 tumor suppressor genes.
Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) employed to analyze the NIS gene.

Main Results:

Frequent methylation observed in CASP8 (17/21), RASSF1 (16/21), and NIS (9/21) across all samples.
Aberrant methylation of CASP8, RASSF1, and NIS was detected in both cancerous and non-cancerous thyroid tissues.
These methylation patterns suggest early involvement in thyroid tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

Aberrant methylation of CASP8, RASSF1, and NIS may serve as an early indicator of thyroid cancer.
These epigenetic changes appear to be an early event in thyroid tumorigenesis, irrespective of cancer cell type.
Further research is warranted to validate these findings for clinical application in early thyroid cancer detection.