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Related Concept Videos

Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

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Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications
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Amorphous calcium phosphate and its application in dentistry.

Jie Zhao1, Yu Liu, Wei-Bin Sun

  • 1Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing 210008, China. wbsun@nju.edu.cn.

Chemistry Central Journal
|July 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) is a unique biomaterial with superior osteoconductivity and biodegradability. Its properties make it a promising material for tissue regeneration and dental applications, particularly in tooth remineralization.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) is a non-crystalline mineral phase found in biological tissues.
  • It serves as a precursor for crystalline calcium phosphates like hydroxyapatite.
  • ACP exhibits distinct structural and morphological characteristics compared to crystalline forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP).
  • To discuss its development, structure, properties, and transformations.
  • To highlight its biomedical and dental applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) research.
  • Analysis of structural and morphological characteristics using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy.
  • Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro studies on ACP's biological activity.

Main Results:

  • ACP lacks long-range atomic order, appearing as nanometer-scale spheroidal particles.
  • It readily transforms into crystalline phases in aqueous environments.
  • ACP demonstrates enhanced osteoconductivity, biodegradability, and cellular interactions compared to crystalline counterparts.

Conclusions:

  • Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) is a promising biomaterial for tissue repair and regeneration due to its favorable biological properties.
  • Its potential as a remineralizing agent in dentistry is significant, especially in ACP-filled bioactive composites.
  • Further research into ACP's unique characteristics can unlock broader applications in regenerative medicine and restorative dentistry.