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Nociception

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation: A Mouse Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain to Study the Antinociceptive Effect of Novel Therapies

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A novel conditioned nociceptive response in mice.

Mototaka Nakama-Kitamura¹, Yoshihisa Kitamura

¹Department of Integrated Psychological Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan. m-kitamura@kwansei.ac.jp

|July 12, 2011

Summary

Chronic pain can be learned through conditioning. Repeated painful stimuli in mice created a conditioned nociceptive response (CR) that was context-dependent and reduced by amnesia-inducing drugs.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Behavioral Science
Pain Research

Background:

Chronic pain is often intractable, with limited understanding of underlying conditioning mechanisms.
The body may learn to associate pain sensations with specific contexts during sustained pain episodes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if nociceptive pain can function as a conditioned response.
To examine the role of environmental context in learned pain responses.

Main Methods:

Mice received formalin injections to induce nociception (unconditioned response, UCR).
Conditioned nociceptive response (CR) was tested using saline injections in the same or different environmental contexts.
Pavlovian conditioning principles and extinction procedures were applied.

Main Results:

A significantly larger CR was observed when saline was administered in the same context as formalin exposure.
Audiovisual context enhanced the CR, while extinction procedures diminished it.
Scopolamine, an amnesic agent, reduced the CR but not the UCR.

Conclusions:

Repeated nociceptive stimuli are sufficient to establish a conditioned pain response.
Environmental context plays a crucial role in the expression of learned pain.
Conditioned pain responses involve memory mechanisms potentially targeted by amnesic treatments.