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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Study of a Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers
04:09

Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Study of a Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Published on: March 3, 2023

Molecular changes in diabetic foot ulcers.

Ching-Jen Wang1, Jih-Yang Ko, Yur-Ren Kuo

  • 1The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. w281211@adm.cgmh.org.tw

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|July 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) significantly boosted angiogenesis and tissue regeneration in diabetic foot ulcers compared to hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). ESWT increased key molecular markers, while HBOT showed no significant changes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Study of a Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers
04:09

Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Study of a Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Wound Healing Research

Background:

  • Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent a significant clinical challenge with high morbidity.
  • Current treatments for DFUs often yield suboptimal outcomes, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying wound healing is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the molecular effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on chronic diabetic foot ulcers.
  • To assess the impact of ESWT and HBOT on key markers of angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.
  • To determine which therapy promotes superior molecular changes indicative of tissue regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 39 patients (ESWT group) and 38 patients (HBOT group) with chronic diabetic foot ulcers.
  • Biopsies from ulcer peripheries were collected pre- and post-treatment for immunohistochemical analysis.
  • Quantification of immuno-activities for von Willebrand Factor (vWF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS), Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and TUNEL assay.

Main Results:

  • ESWT significantly increased expressions of vWF, VEGF, eNOS, PCNA, and EGF, while decreasing TUNEL expression (P<0.05).
  • HBOT did not yield statistically significant changes in these molecular markers (P>0.05).
  • Post-treatment, significant differences favoring ESWT were observed in all examined molecular markers compared to HBOT (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

  • ESWT demonstrated superior efficacy in promoting angiogenesis and tissue regeneration in diabetic foot ulcers compared to HBOT.
  • The molecular changes induced by ESWT suggest enhanced cellular proliferation and reduced apoptosis.
  • ESWT represents a promising therapeutic strategy for improving wound healing in chronic diabetic foot ulcers.