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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling
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Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

CD46 processing: a means of expression.

Siobhan Ni Choileain1, Anne L Astier

  • 1MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, UK.

Immunobiology
|July 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CD46, a complement regulator, also acts as a T cell costimulator and influences adaptive immunity. Its dysregulation is linked to autoimmune diseases, highlighting its critical role in immune homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • CD46 (also known as Membrane cofactor protein) is a type I transmembrane protein involved in complement regulation and pathogen entry.
  • Recent findings highlight CD46's role in adaptive immunity, functioning as a costimulatory molecule for T cells and promoting regulatory T cell (Tr1) differentiation.
  • Defects in CD46 pathways are observed in T cells from patients with autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest research on CD46 expression regulation.
  • To summarize the impact of CD46 on T cell activation and immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on CD46.
  • Analysis of CD46's role in T cell activation and differentiation.
  • Examination of CD46's involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • CD46 expression is tightly controlled across various cell types.
  • Enzymatic processing of CD46 by metalloproteinases and gamma-secretase is crucial for its function, particularly in T cells.
  • CD46's costimulatory function is vital for T cell homeostasis and Tr1 cell induction.

Conclusions:

  • CD46 plays a significant role in regulating adaptive immunity and maintaining T cell homeostasis.
  • Dysfunctional CD46 pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding CD46 regulation and function offers potential therapeutic targets for immune-mediated disorders.