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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

MicroRNAs in development and disease.

Danish Sayed¹, Maha Abdellatif

¹Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.

Physiological Reviews

|July 12, 2011

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene regulators found across species, including 940 in humans. This review explores their function, roles in development and disease, and therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial posttranscriptional regulators impacting gene expression.
Over 10,000 miRNAs identified across diverse species, with 940 identified in humans.
Potentially regulate over 60% of human protein-coding genes via 3' UTR targets.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the discovery, structure, and function of miRNAs in mammalian cells.
To elaborate on the roles and significance of miRNAs in mammalian development and pathogenesis.
To summarize current advances in miRNA-based therapeutics.

Main Methods:

Literature review of miRNA research.
Analysis of miRNA target interactions.
Synthesis of findings on miRNA roles in organs and disease.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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Overview of therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

Detailed description of miRNA biogenesis and function in mammals.
Elucidation of miRNA involvement in diverse developmental processes.
Explanation of miRNA dysregulation in various pathological conditions.
Summary of miRNA-based therapeutic strategies and their progress.

Conclusions:

MicroRNAs are fundamental regulators of gene expression with significant roles in health and disease.
Understanding miRNA mechanisms is crucial for deciphering complex biological processes.
miRNAs hold considerable promise as therapeutic agents for a range of diseases.