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Related Concept Videos

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...
Coagulation01:09

Coagulation

The coagulation phase is a critical part of the body's process to prevent blood loss following injury to blood vessels. It involves chemical reactions that form a clot to seal the injured area. The clotting process begins shortly after injury, within 15-20 seconds for severe damage and 1-2 minutes for minor injuries.
During the coagulation phase, clotting factors, or procoagulants, play a vital role in initiating and progressing the coagulation cascade. This cascade is a series of reactions...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Measurement of Factor V Activity in Human Plasma Using a Microplate Coagulation Assay
13:08

Measurement of Factor V Activity in Human Plasma Using a Microplate Coagulation Assay

Published on: September 9, 2012

Factor XIII: a coagulation factor with multiple plasmatic and cellular functions.

László Muszbek1, Zsuzsanna Bereczky, Zsuzsa Bagoly

  • 1Clinical Research Center and Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Vascular Biology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary. muszbek@med.unideb.hu

Physiological Reviews
|July 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Factor XIII (FXIII) is a unique enzyme involved in blood clotting and wound healing. Recent research highlights its diverse roles beyond hemostasis, including intracellular functions and potential in pregnancy, bone development, and cardioprotection.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Measurement of Factor V Activity in Human Plasma Using a Microplate Coagulation Assay
13:08

Measurement of Factor V Activity in Human Plasma Using a Microplate Coagulation Assay

Published on: September 9, 2012

Helical Organization of Blood Coagulation Factor VIII on Lipid Nanotubes
12:24

Helical Organization of Blood Coagulation Factor VIII on Lipid Nanotubes

Published on: June 3, 2014

Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity Assay
03:53

Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity Assay

Published on: December 29, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Hematology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Factor XIII (FXIII) is a protransglutaminase activated during coagulation.
  • It possesses unique properties, including action on insoluble substrates and intracellular presence in various cell types.
  • Beyond hemostasis, FXIII has multiple extra- and intracellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of FXIII structure, activation, and function.
  • To summarize recent advancements in FXIII research over the past decade.
  • To explore novel and emerging roles of FXIII.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent developments in FXIII research.
  • Synthesis of information on traditional and novel FXIII functions.
  • Emphasis on biochemical, cellular, and physiological aspects.

Main Results:

  • FXIII stabilizes fibrin clots and protects against fibrinolysis.
  • It plays crucial roles in pregnancy maintenance, wound healing, and angiogenesis.
  • Emerging research indicates FXIII's involvement in inhibiting vascular permeability, cardioprotection, and cartilage/bone development.

Conclusions:

  • FXIII exhibits diverse functions extending beyond coagulation.
  • Its intracellular roles in immune cells and other cell types are significant.
  • FXIII represents a promising target for therapeutic interventions in various conditions.