Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased by a...

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Impact of Low-Lactose, High Galacto-Oligosaccharides Milk on Gut Microbiome and Plasma Metabolome in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial Complemented by Ex Vivo Experiments.

Current developments in nutrition·2025

Same author

The impact of ingestion of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 on perinatal anxiety and depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

External Validation of the 2023 Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Diagnostic Criteria for Infective Endocarditis.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2024

Same author

Informed interpretation of metagenomic data by StrainPhlAn enables strain retention analyses of the upper airway microbiome.

mSystems·2023

Same author

<i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> subsp. <i>iuvenis</i> subsp. nov., a novel subspecies isolated from the faeces of weaning infants.

International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology·2023

Same author

A distinct clade of Bifidobacterium longum in the gut of Bangladeshi children thrives during weaning.

Cell·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus by Ribosomal Spacer PCR (RS-PCR)

Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus by Ribosomal Spacer PCR (RS-PCR)

Published on: November 4, 2016

Staphylococcus aureus host range and human-bovine host shift.

Olga Sakwinska¹, Marlyse Giddey, Martine Moreillon

¹Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. olga.sakwinska@unil.ch

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

|July 12, 2011

Summary

Staphylococcus aureus strains causing bovine mastitis are distinct from those in humans. While cow-to-human transmission is generally low, specific genotypes, like CC8, show adaptation to cattle, suggesting rapid evolution of host specificity.

More Related Videos

Methodology for the Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus

Methodology for the Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: March 10, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus by Ribosomal Spacer PCR (RS-PCR)

Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus by Ribosomal Spacer PCR (RS-PCR)

Published on: November 4, 2016

Methodology for the Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus

Methodology for the Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: March 10, 2017

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Genetics
Epidemiology

Background:

Staphylococcus aureus is a primary cause of bovine mastitis.
The emergence of pig-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) necessitates understanding host range and specificity of S. aureus strains.
Previous studies have not systematically investigated the host range and specificity of human- and cow-associated S. aureus.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the genetic relatedness of S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis, farmers, and non-farmers.
To study the host range and specificity of S. aureus strains.
To estimate the extent of bovine-to-human transmission.

Main Methods:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and spa typing were used for genetic relatedness.
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed to match AFLP clusters with MLST clonal complexes (CCs).
Analysis of 500 bovine mastitis isolates, 57 farmer nasal carriage isolates, and 133 non-farmer isolates.

Main Results:

Genotype compositions of S. aureus from farmers and non-farmers were similar, but distinct from mastitis isolates.
Overall bovine-to-human transmission was low, with specific genotypes showing increased transmission.
Over one-third of mastitis isolates belonged to CC8, a lineage typically associated with human infections, with limited transmission to farmers.

Conclusions:

A novel bovine-adapted S. aureus genotype (CC8) likely emerged from a recent host shift from humans to cows.
This host shift may involve a loss of the ability to colonize humans.
Host specificity in S. aureus is a lineage-specific trait capable of rapid evolution.