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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

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Electrophysiological Investigations of Retinogeniculate and Corticogeniculate Synapse Function
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Transient release reflexes in catonic schizophrenia.

S S Damodaran1, V K Sinha

  • 1Saji S. Damodaran, MD, DPM, DNB(Psy), Senior Resident, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, Bihar - 834 006.

Indian Journal of Psychiatry
|July 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Release reflexes like the grasp reflex and palmomental reflex were observed as state-dependent in a patient with catatonic schizophrenia. This suggests a potential link to frontal lobe dysfunction in certain schizophrenia subgroups.

Keywords:
catatoniafrontal lobetransient release reflex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Catatonic schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder.
  • Primitive reflexes, typically absent in adults, can reappear in neurological or psychiatric conditions.
  • The presence and nature of these reflexes in schizophrenia require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the case of a 23-year-old patient with catatonic schizophrenia.
  • To describe the state-dependent presence of grasp and palmomental reflexes.
  • To explore the potential neurological underpinnings of these findings.

Main Methods:

  • Case report methodology.
  • Clinical observation and assessment of primitive reflexes (grasp reflex, palmomental reflex).
  • Correlation of reflex presence with the patient's clinical state.

Main Results:

  • The patient exhibited grasp reflex and palmomental reflex in a state-dependent manner.
  • These reflexes were transient and linked to the patient's fluctuating catatonic symptoms.
  • A temporary disturbance in frontal lobe function is hypothesized as the underlying mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Release reflexes can manifest as a state-dependent phenomenon in catatonic schizophrenia.
  • Frontal lobe dysfunction may play a role in the observed reflex activity.
  • Further research into release reflexes could help delineate neurological subgroups within schizophrenia.