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Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...

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Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
10:25

Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 5, 2017

Visual experience modulates spatio-temporal dynamics of circuit activation.

Lang Wang1, Alfredo Fontanini, Arianna Maffei

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York Stony Brook Stony Brook, NY, USA.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
|July 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Brief visual deprivation alters neocortical circuit activation patterns. Reduced sensory input reshapes synaptic connections, decreasing signal propagation and overall circuit activity in the primary visual cortex.

Keywords:
GABAmicrocircuitrysignal propagationsynaptic plasticityvisual cortexvisual deprivation

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Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Persistent sensory reduction during development causes synaptic plasticity in cortical circuits.
  • The impact of these experience-dependent changes on neocortical signal propagation dynamics remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how brief visual deprivation affects spatio-temporal signal propagation in the primary visual cortex.
  • To understand the underlying mechanisms of experience-dependent circuit reorganization.

Main Methods:

  • Direct stimulation of Layer 4 in the primary visual cortex.
  • Measurement of electrical signal propagation and circuit activation.
  • Analysis of synaptic component changes and layer-specific activity.

Main Results:

  • Brief visual deprivation significantly reduced spatio-temporal spread of circuit activation from Layer 4.
  • Activation of Layer 2/3 (L2/3) was diminished, dependent on reduced Layer 4 (L4) output, not intrinsic L2/3 changes.
  • Visual deprivation differentially affected L4 and L2/3, reducing feedforward L2/3 activation while sparing long-range intra-layer inputs.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptic modifications due to visual deprivation alter local integration and decrease overall circuit activation.
  • Experience-dependent circuit reorganization involves modulating excitability and spatio-temporal activation patterns.
  • Brief visual deprivation reshapes neocortical circuits by altering signal propagation dynamics within and between layers.