Progress in HDL-based therapies for atherosclerosis

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Inflammation Research
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of medium and large arteries.
• It arises from genetic and environmental factors like dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking.
• Severe outcomes, including myocardial infarction and stroke, stem from thrombosis on disrupted plaques.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review new and emerging high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-based therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
• To address the persistent residual risk in atherosclerosis management despite current treatments.
• To explore novel approaches beyond low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol reduction.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current research on HDL-based therapies.
• Analysis of emerging pharmacological and lifestyle interventions targeting HDL.
• Focus on strategies aimed at raising HDL levels or enhancing HDL function.

Main Results:

• Current pharmacologic approaches, primarily statins, reduce LDL but leave significant residual risk.
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays a crucial role in reverse cholesterol transport and possesses anti-inflammatory properties.
• Emerging strategies aim to increase HDL levels or improve its atheroprotective functions.

Conclusions:

• Despite advances in LDL reduction, residual risk in atherosclerosis necessitates novel therapeutic targets.
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-based therapies represent a promising frontier for managing atherosclerosis.
• Further research into HDL-raising and HDL-function-enhancing strategies is critical for improving patient outcomes.