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Related Concept Videos

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
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Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
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Mosaic nature of the membrane
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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic acid derivatives are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids with a different functional group. The most common carboxylic acid derivatives are:

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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
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Published on: May 15, 2015

Amphiphiles for supercritical CO2.

Stephen Cummings1, Robert Enick, Sarah Rogers

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.

Biochimie
|July 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Specially designed CO(2)-philic amphiphiles create self-assembly structures in dense carbon dioxide (CO(2)), forming reversed micelles and microemulsions. These structures are crucial for controlling CO(2) properties in potential applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Colloid Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Dense carbon dioxide (CO(2)) can act as a unique solvent for various chemical processes.
  • Amphiphiles are crucial for stabilizing emulsions and controlling self-assembly in different media.
  • Understanding aggregation structures in CO(2) is key for its application in green chemistry and materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the aggregation structures formed by semi-fluorinated and nonylphenol ethoxylate amphiphiles in dense CO(2).
  • To investigate the formation and evolution of reversed micelles, water-in-CO(2) microemulsions, and high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs).
  • To compare the efficacy of custom-designed CO(2)-philic amphiphiles versus commercially available ones for self-assembly in CO(2).

Main Methods:

  • Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was employed to characterize the aggregation structures.
  • Systematic variation of water content and amphiphile type was used to study structural transitions.
  • Quantitative analysis of SANS profiles was performed to determine interfacial areas and structural parameters.

Main Results:

  • A semi-fluorinated amphiphile formed reversed micelles, evolving into cylindrical droplets and then lamellar phases with increasing water content in CO(2).
  • Commercially available nonylphenol ethoxylates stabilized high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) in liquid and supercritical CO(2).
  • SANS analysis revealed that HIPEs in CO(2) exhibit behavior analogous to hydrocarbon-water emulsions.

Conclusions:

  • Specially designed CO(2)-philic amphiphiles are essential for creating predictable self-assembly structures in dense CO(2).
  • Both custom and commercial amphiphiles can stabilize emulsions in CO(2), but with different structural outcomes.
  • The findings provide insights into controlling the physicochemical properties of CO(2) for potential applications through amphiphile-directed self-assembly.