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[Acute kidney failure in infectious mononucleosis]

G P Ramelli1, C Marone, B Truniger

  • 1Medizinische Klinik, Kantonsspital Luzern.

Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift
|October 27, 1990
PubMed

Insights

Infectious mononucleosis (MI) can cause kidney problems, with some patients showing urinary abnormalities or histological changes. This study reviews cases of acute renal failure in MI, noting a generally benign outcome.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Infectious mononucleosis (MI), a common viral illness, rarely presents with overt renal disease.
  • However, subclinical renal involvement is frequent, with up to 16% of MI patients exhibiting urinary sediment abnormalities.
  • Histological examination often reveals interstitial nephritis or glomerular lesions in MI patients.

Observation:

  • This report details two cases of acute renal failure (ARF) in patients with infectious mononucleosis.
  • Both cases demonstrated a typically benign clinical course.
  • These observations are discussed alongside a literature review of 34 similar patients.

Findings:

  • Acute renal failure is an uncommon but recognized complication of infectious mononucleosis.
  • Potential causes of ARF in MI include rhabdomyolysis, hepatorenal syndrome, and acute interstitial nephritis.
  • Despite the potential for renal complications, the course of ARF in MI appears to be generally favorable.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider infectious mononucleosis as a potential cause of acute renal failure, particularly in younger individuals.
  • Monitoring renal function is advisable in patients with infectious mononucleosis, especially if urinary abnormalities are present.
  • Further research into the pathogenesis and long-term renal outcomes of MI-associated kidney injury is warranted.

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