Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 31, 2026
10:27
Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
Published on: December 15, 2011
MASD part 2: incontinence-associated dermatitis and intertriginous dermatitis: a consensus
Joyce M Black1, Mikel Gray, Donna Z Bliss
1College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. jblack@unmc.edu
Summary
This consensus panel provides guidance on preventing and managing moisture-associated skin damage (MASD), focusing on incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) and intertriginous dermatitis (ITD). Key recommendations include targeted skin care and maintaining dryness in skin folds.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Wound Care
Background:
- Moisture-associated skin damage (MASD) encompasses conditions like incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) and intertriginous dermatitis (ITD).
- Accurate diagnosis through focused history and physical assessment is crucial for differentiating MASD types from other skin injuries.
Framework:
- Consensus panel reviewed current knowledge on MASD.
- Developed recommendations for prevention and management strategies.
Implementation:
- For IAD: recommend cleansing, moisturizing, and skin protectants for at-risk individuals.
- For ITD: emphasize keeping skin folds dry and free from friction; avoid using linens or dressings to separate folds.
- Treat secondary fungal or bacterial infections, such as candidiasis, with appropriate antifungal therapies.
Implications:
- Effective management of IAD and ITD can improve patient comfort and prevent complications.
- Standardized recommendations aid healthcare professionals in consistent MASD care.
- Early and accurate diagnosis prevents misidentification and ensures appropriate treatment protocols.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Skin Diseases and Disorders
Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
01:23Hand hygiene
Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
Hand washing...
01:24Healing II: Complications
Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...
01:10PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing
The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
01:25Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure
Tracheostomy care is an essential nursing skill that involves cleaning and maintaining a tracheostomy tube to prevent infection and other complications. Here's a step-by-step guide explaining each procedure with its rationale. Note that disposable gloves are to be worn at all times and changed as often as needed to maintain a sterile work environment, and to protect both patient and healthcare worker.
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene, and put on personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask and...
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene, and put on personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask and...
01:18Trichomoniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.