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Frequency-dependent Selection

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Published on: July 18, 2015

Design of wavelength selective concentrator for micro PV/TPV systems using evolutionary algorithm.

Noboru Yamada¹, Toshikazu Ijiro

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan. noboru@nagaokaut.ac.jp

|July 13, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed wavelength selective concentrators (WSCs) using an evolutionary algorithm and finite-difference time-domain method. This photonic structure efficiently concentrates solar and thermal radiation for micro photovoltaic and thermophotovoltaic cells.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Published on: July 18, 2015

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Published on: October 27, 2017

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science
Renewable Energy

Background:

Solar and thermal energy harvesting relies on efficient radiation concentration.
Micro photovoltaic and thermophotovoltaic cells require specific wavelength ranges for optimal performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore and design photonic structures acting as wavelength selective concentrators (WSCs).
To match the concentrated radiation spectrum with the photosensitivity of micro-scale energy conversion devices.

Main Methods:

Combined evolutionary algorithm (EA) with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method (EA-FDTD).
Optimized photonic structures for concentrating specific solar and thermal radiation wavelengths.

Main Results:

Successfully generated a WSC with performance near the theoretical limit.
Demonstrated the capability to concentrate designated wavelength ranges of solar and thermal radiation.
The WSC design effectively matches the photosensitivity of micro photovoltaic and thermophotovoltaic cells.

Conclusions:

The EA-FDTD approach is effective for designing advanced photonic structures.
The WSC concept shows potential for significant efficiency enhancements in solar energy applications.
The design is extendable to three-dimensional structures for further efficiency gains.