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Related Concept Videos

Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
07:20

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

A dinuclear extension to constrained heteroleptic Cu(I) systems.

Belén Gil1, Gareth A Cooke, Deanne Nolan

  • 1School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|July 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized novel dinuclear copper complexes with unique bridging ligands. These complexes display red-orange luminescence with microsecond emission lifetimes, attributed to their rigid structures.

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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
07:20

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
09:45

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Photophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Dinuclear copper complexes are of interest for their unique electronic and optical properties.
  • Bridging ligands play a crucial role in dictating the structure and photophysical behavior of metal complexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel dinuclear cationic copper complexes.
  • To investigate the optical properties, including absorption and emission, of these new complexes.
  • To explore the relationship between structural rigidity and emission lifetimes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of dinuclear copper complexes using [Cu(μ-dppm)(NO3)]2 and N-donor ligands.
  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination.
  • UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and emission spectroscopy (solid-state and solution).

Main Results:

  • Three dinuclear cationic copper complexes, [Cu(2)(μ-dppm)(2)(μ-L)](NO3)2, were successfully synthesized.
  • X-ray crystallography confirmed a structure with two copper atoms bridged by two dppm ligands and one tetradentate N-donor ligand.
  • Complexes exhibited metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands (370-425 nm) and red-orange emission.
  • Long emission lifetimes (microseconds) were observed, particularly 22.8 μs for [Cu(2)(μ-dppm)(2)(μ-L(C))]2+ in deoxygenated solution.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized dinuclear copper complexes possess interesting photophysical properties.
  • The rigid conformation of the complexes in the excited state is responsible for the observed long emission lifetimes.
  • These findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in luminescent copper complexes.