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Related Concept Videos

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
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Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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Conversion of...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
08:44

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

Nucleic acid carriers based on precise polymer conjugates.

Christina Troiber1, Ernst Wagner

  • 1Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich, Germany.

Bioconjugate Chemistry
|July 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precise polymer synthesis and site-specific conjugation strategies are advancing nucleic acid delivery. This review highlights advanced carriers like dendrimers and lipopeptides for efficient DNA and siRNA transport.

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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
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Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Bioconjugation
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Challenges in nucleic acid carrier development include polymer polydispersity and random functionalization.
  • Poorly understood structure-activity relationships hinder the creation of effective nucleic acid delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review synthetic concepts for precise polymers and site-specific conjugation.
  • To highlight multifunctional conjugates for enhanced nucleic acid transport.
  • To discuss advancements in polymer design for DNA and siRNA delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of dendrimers, defined peptide carriers, sequence-defined polyamidoamines, and precise lipopeptides/lipopolymers for pDNA and siRNA delivery.
  • Application of conjugation techniques like click chemistries and peptide ligation.
  • Development of site-specific covalent modification strategies for nucleic acids.

Main Results:

  • Precise polymers and site-specific conjugation enable the creation of advanced nucleic acid carriers.
  • Multifunctional conjugates incorporate targeting or shielding domains for improved delivery.
  • Established methods facilitate direct covalent modification of therapeutic nucleic acids.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in polymer synthesis and conjugation are overcoming previous limitations in nucleic acid delivery.
  • Precise and multifunctional carriers show promise for efficient pDNA and siRNA transport.
  • Site-specific modification strategies offer enhanced control over nucleic acid carrier design.