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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

Research progress of RNA quadruplex.

Xiaohui Ji1, Hongxia Sun, Huaxi Zhou

  • 1Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drugs and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
|July 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Guanine-rich RNA sequences can form G-quadruplex structures, which are increasingly recognized for their roles in gene expression. This review comprehensively summarizes RNA G-quadruplex research, covering structure, function, and future prospects.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Guanine-rich sequences in RNA and DNA can form G-quadruplex structures.
  • While DNA G-quadruplexes are well-studied, RNA G-quadruplexes are less understood but potentially crucial in vivo.
  • Recent research is advancing the understanding of RNA G-quadruplex functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of RNA G-quadruplexes.
  • To summarize current knowledge on RNA G-quadruplex structure, formation, and function.
  • To highlight the role of RNA G-quadruplexes in biological systems, particularly gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on RNA G-quadruplexes.
  • Analysis of diverse RNA G-quadruplex topologies and influencing factors.
  • Synthesis of findings on physiological functions and biological implications.

Main Results:

  • RNA G-quadruplexes exhibit diverse structural topologies.
  • Factors influencing RNA G-quadruplex formation and stability are identified.
  • Emerging evidence links RNA G-quadruplexes to critical physiological functions, including gene expression regulation.

Conclusions:

  • RNA G-quadruplexes, though less studied than DNA counterparts, are significant in biological systems.
  • Further research into RNA G-quadruplexes is essential for understanding gene regulation and developing new therapeutic strategies.
  • This review consolidates current knowledge and points to future research directions in the field of RNA quadruplexes.