Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

PDV1 and PDV2 Differentially Affect Remodeling and Assembly of the Chloroplast DRP5B Ring.

Plant physiology·2020

Same author

Corrigendum to "Low-background electrochemical biosensor for one-step detection of base excision repair enzyme" [Biosens. Bioelectr. 150 (2020) 11865].

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2020

Same author

Corrigendum to "A dual signal-on photoelectrochemical immunosensor for sensitively detecting target avian viruses based on AuNPs/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> coupling with CdTe quantum dots and in situ enzymatic generation of electron donor" [Biosens. Bioelectron. 124-125 (2019) 1-7 Article Number: BIOS10843].

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2020

Same author

ECM1 is an essential factor for the determination of M1 macrophage polarization in IBD in response to LPS stimulation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2020

Same author

Correction: β-arrestin1 Is Critical for the Full Activation of NLRP3 and NLRC4 Inflammasomes.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2020

Same author

An optimized double T-DNA binary vector system for improved production of marker-free transgenic tobacco plants.

Biotechnology letters·2020

Same journal

HIV-related stigma, antiretroviral adherence, and viral suppression among women with HIV: the role of anxiety and patient-provider relationship.

AIDS (London, England)·2026

Same journal

Impact of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines on inflammatory response during suppressive antiretroviral therapy.

AIDS (London, England)·2026

Same journal

CD4+ cell count trends after common cancers in people with HIV: a multicohort collaboration.

AIDS (London, England)·2026

Same journal

HIV-1 soluble gp120 in cerebrospinal fluid is associated with poorer motor domain neurocognitive performance in virally suppressed people with HIV.

AIDS (London, England)·2026

Same journal

Vascular risk drives cognitive decline over 10 years in people aging with well-controlled HIV.

AIDS (London, England)·2026

Same journal

Hazardous alcohol use, sexual behavior, and recent and undiagnosed HIV across 11 Eastern and Southern African countries.

AIDS (London, England)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

Published on: December 16, 2019

A peripheral monocyte interferon phenotype in HIV infection correlates with a decrease in magnetic resonance

Lynn Pulliam¹, Hans Rempel, Bing Sun

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, 94121, USA. lynn.pulliam@ucsf.edu

AIDS (London, England)

|July 14, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral immune activation, driven by interferon (IFN), is linked to brain injury and cognitive issues in people with HIV. Blood markers of IFN response may help track early neural damage in HIV patients.

More Related Videos

An In Vitro Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

An In Vitro Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

Published on: October 6, 2015

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

Published on: December 16, 2019

An In Vitro Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

An In Vitro Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

Published on: October 6, 2015

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Infectious Diseases
Neuroscience

Background:

Cognitive impairment affects over 35% of individuals with HIV, despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART).
The relationship between peripheral immune activation and brain metabolite changes in HIV remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the link between peripheral immune activation and brain metabolite concentrations in HIV-infected individuals.
To explore the correlation between monocyte gene expression, cognitive status, and brain metabolite levels.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study of 35 HIV-positive and 8 HIV-negative adults on ART or treatment interruption.
Monocyte gene expression, cognitive function, and brain metabolite concentrations (N-acetylaspartate) in frontal white matter, anterior cingulate cortex, and basal ganglia were assessed using 4-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Correlations between metabolite concentrations, monocyte gene expression, and cognitive deficit scores were analyzed.

Main Results:

Monocyte gene expression revealed an interferon (IFN)-α-induced activation phenotype, with IFN genes showing the highest fold increase in HIV+ individuals.
Monocyte activation strongly correlated with reduced N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the frontal white matter (FWM).
Plasma levels of IFN-γ inducible protein-10 (IP-10), an IFN-response gene, correlated inversely with ACC NAA, which was lower in HIV+ patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

Chronic peripheral immune activation, specifically a type 1 IFN response, is associated with neuronal injury in the FWM and ACC, contributing to cognitive dysfunction in HIV.
IFN-induced blood markers may serve as clinically relevant indicators for monitoring early neural damage in HIV patients.