Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...

Cell-surface Signaling

Cell-surface Signaling

Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors

Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins or markers because they are...

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A pan-cancer analysis revealed <i>SKP2</i> as an inhibitor of the tumor immune microenvironment and a promising therapeutic target for immunotherapy.

Precision clinical medicine·2025

Same author

Pravastatin for Radiation-Induced Fibrosis of the Extremity: A Single-Center Experience.

Pediatric blood & cancer·2025

Same author

Characterization of Parthanatos in Breast Cancer: Implications for Prognosis and PARP Inhibitor Resistance.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Development of Machine Learning Models to Predict Tumor Endoprosthesis Survival.

Journal of surgical oncology·2025

Same author

Advancements in Surgical Management of Periacetabular Metastases: Emphasizing Minimally Invasive Techniques.

Cancers·2025

Same author

A Comprehensive Analysis of Percutaneous Screw Fixation for Metastatic Lesion of the Pelvis: Outcomes of 107 Cases.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

Cell surface receptor expression patterns in osteosarcoma.

Sheref E Hassan¹, Mikhail Bekarev, Mimi Y Kim

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York 10467, USA.

|July 14, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R) is overexpressed in all osteosarcoma cell lines. Other receptors like c-Met, HER-2, and IGF-1R show variable expression, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.

More Related Videos

A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate

A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate

Published on: May 3, 2021

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: May 6, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate

A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate

Published on: May 3, 2021

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: May 6, 2018

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Cell Signaling

Background:

Osteosarcoma exhibits numerous cell signaling receptors, but their simultaneous characterization remains incomplete.
This study aimed to comprehensively analyze and quantify cell surface receptor expression in various osteosarcoma cell lines.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize and quantify the expression of multiple cell surface receptors in osteosarcoma.
To identify potential therapeutic targets based on receptor expression patterns.

Main Methods:

Utilized standard and patient-derived osteosarcoma cell lines.
Employed flow cytometry to analyze cell surface expression of key receptors including EGFR, HER2-4, IGF-1R, IGF-2R, IR, VEGFRs, c-Met, FGFRs, and PDGFR-β.
Calculated geometric fluorescent means for quantitative comparison.

Main Results:

Consistent overexpression of Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 Receptor (IGF-2R) was observed across all tested osteosarcoma cell lines.
Variable expression patterns were noted for c-Met, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR)-β, Insulin Receptor (IR), Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER)-2, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR)-3.
Apparent associations were found between IGF-1R and HER-2, and between PDGFR-β and IR expression.

Conclusions:

IGF-2R is a consistently overexpressed receptor on osteosarcoma cell surfaces.
The variable expression of c-Met, HER-2, IGF-1R, VEGFR-3, IR, and PDGFR-β suggests their potential roles in osteosarcoma aggressiveness and heterogeneity.
These receptors represent potential therapeutic targets for subsets of osteosarcoma patients, with implications for targeting common pathways or multiple receptors.