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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

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Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis
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Bionic ankle-foot prosthesis normalizes walking gait for persons with leg amputation.

Hugh M Herr1, Alena M Grabowski

  • 1Biomechatronics Group, Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 75 Amherst Street E14-348U, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

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A new bionic prosthesis mimics biological ankle function, significantly reducing metabolic energy costs and improving walking biomechanics for amputees. This advanced leg prosthesis allows for natural walking speeds and patterns, comparable to non-amputees.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Biomechanics
  • Rehabilitation Technology

Background:

  • Traditional passive-elastic leg prostheses are metabolically demanding and lead to abnormal walking biomechanics for amputees.
  • Existing prostheses lack active adaptation to varying walking speeds, unlike biological limbs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel bionic prosthesis designed to emulate biological ankle function during level-ground walking.
  • To compare the metabolic cost, preferred walking velocity, and biomechanics of amputees using the bionic prosthesis versus a passive-elastic prosthesis against non-amputees.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving seven unilateral transtibial amputees and seven non-amputees.
  • Participants walked at various velocities (0.75-1.75 m/s) using both a passive-elastic prosthesis and the novel bionic prosthesis.
  • Measurements included metabolic energy expenditure, preferred walking speed, and lower limb biomechanical patterns.

Main Results:

  • The bionic prosthesis reduced metabolic cost by 8% and increased prosthetic leg work by 57% compared to the passive-elastic prosthesis.
  • Preferred walking velocity increased by 23% with the bionic prosthesis.
  • Biomechanical patterns and metabolic costs with the bionic prosthesis were not significantly different from non-amputees.

Conclusions:

  • The bionic prosthesis effectively emulates biological ankle function, restoring more natural and efficient walking for individuals with transtibial amputations.
  • This technology significantly improves metabolic efficiency, preferred walking speed, and biomechanics, approaching levels seen in non-amputees.