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Related Concept Videos

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
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Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
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Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
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Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...

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Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor
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Poly[(μ-2-hy-droxy-3,5-dinitro-benzoato)rubidium].

Yan Meng1

  • 1School of Environmental Engineering, Chang'an University, South Second Cycle Road 368#, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|July 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a rubidium 3,5-dinitro-salicylate compound. The research reveals a 3D framework built from rubidium cations and dinitro-salicylate ligands, featuring zigzag chains and π-π stacking.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystal Engineering
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Rubidium salts of organic acids are explored for their unique structural properties.
  • Salicylate derivatives, particularly those with nitro groups, offer diverse coordination possibilities.
  • Understanding metal-organic frameworks is crucial for materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the rubidium 3,5-dinitro-salicylate compound.
  • To investigate the coordination environment of the rubidium cation.
  • To characterize the intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
  • The asymmetric unit was analyzed to identify the rubidium cation and the 3,5-dinitro-salicylate ligand.
  • Coordination geometry and intermolecular interactions (hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking) were examined.

Main Results:

  • The asymmetric unit contains one Rb(+) cation and one 3,5-dinitro-salicylate ligand.
  • The Rb(+) cation exhibits 10-coordination by oxygen atoms from eight salicylate anions.
  • A 3D framework is formed via zigzag chains along the b-axis, stabilized by phenyl group linkages, hydrogen bonds, and π-π stacking (3.6755(7) Å).

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure of [Rb(C(7)H(3)N(2)O(7))](n) has been successfully determined.
  • The coordination and assembly of the rubidium cation and dinitro-salicylate ligand result in a robust 3D framework.
  • The presence of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions plays a significant role in stabilizing the crystal structure.