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Related Concept Videos

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...
Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement01:57

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement

Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Ketones01:09

IUPAC Nomenclature of Ketones

Like aldehydes, ketones are named using IUPAC rules; in this case, by replacing “e” in the name of the longest hydrocarbon chain with “one.” In acyclic ketones, the ketonic carbon is given the lowest locant value. For instance, as shown below, a simple five-carbon ketone is named pentan-2-one, instead of pentan-4-one. IUPAC rules also allow the placing of the locant value before the parent name to give an alternate name, 2-pentanone.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
07:30

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

Published on: January 21, 2020

5-Hy-droxy-indan-1-one.

Kew-Yu Chen1, Tzu-Chien Fang, Ming-Jen Chang

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 40724 Taichung, Taiwan.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|July 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The crystal structure of 5HIN reveals a perfectly planar molecule. Molecules form infinite chains through strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds, showcasing a C(8) motif in the crystal lattice.

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Molecular structure analysis
  • Supramolecular chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular planarity is crucial in chemical and materials science.
  • Intermolecular interactions dictate crystal packing and material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, 5HIN (C(9)H(8)O(2)).
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions and resulting supramolecular architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of atomic positions and bonding revealed molecular planarity and hydrogen bonding patterns.

Main Results:

  • The 5HIN molecule exhibits perfect planarity, with most atoms lying on a crystallographic mirror plane.

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  • Strong intermolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link molecules into infinite chains along the [100] direction.
  • A characteristic C(8) motif was identified within the hydrogen-bonded chains.

    • Conclusions:

    • The study confirms the planar geometry of 5HIN.
    • The observed hydrogen bonding network results in a one-dimensional supramolecular chain structure.
    • The findings contribute to the understanding of crystal engineering and structure-property relationships.