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Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
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Rab Cascades

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Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II01:17

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans
11:09

RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans

Published on: July 17, 2021

[Rb(18-crown-6)][Rb([2.2.2]-cryptand)]Rb(2)Sn(9)·5NH(3).

Stefanie Gaertner1, Nikolaus Korber

  • 1Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|July 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a novel crystal structure featuring a Zintl anion complexed with rubidium, 18-crown-6, and [2.2.2]-cryptand. This unique arrangement forms extended double strands of tin cages and rubidium cations, shielded by the chelating agents.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans
11:09

RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans

Published on: July 17, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystal Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Zintl anions are complex polyanionic clusters with unique electronic and structural properties.
  • Crown ethers and cryptands are macrocyclic ligands known for their ability to selectively bind cations.
  • Ammoniates of Zintl compounds are less explored, presenting opportunities for novel structural motifs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel ammoniate of a Zintl anion incorporating two different chelating agents.
  • To elucidate the crystal structure and identify new structural motifs formed by the interaction of Zintl anions, cations, and macrocyclic ligands.
  • To investigate the role of chelating agents and ammonia in stabilizing the Zintl framework.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the precise atomic arrangement.
  • The synthesis involved reacting rubidium, tin, 18-crown-6, [2.2.2]-cryptand, and ammonia under specific conditions.
  • Crystallographic analysis was used to identify the Zintl anion, cation coordination, and overall structural architecture.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of poly[[(4,7,13,16,21,24-hexa-oxa-1,10-diaza-bicyclo-[8.8.8]hexa-cosa-ne)rubidium] [[(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexa-oxacyclo-octa-deca-ne)rubidium]di-μ-rubidium-μ-nona-stannide] penta-ammonia] was successfully determined.
  • A novel one-dimensionally extended double strand motif, composed of Sn(9)(4-) cages and Rb(+) cations, was discovered.
  • The double strands are effectively shielded by 18-crown-6 and [2.2.2]-cryptand molecules, with additional coordination by ammonia.
  • Disorder was observed in one of the four independent rubidium cations.

Conclusions:

  • This work reports the first ammoniate of a Zintl anion stabilized by two distinct chelating agents, 18-crown-6 and [2.2.2]-cryptand.
  • The formation of extended double strands represents a new structural motif in Zintl chemistry, influenced by the presence of macrocyclic ligands.
  • The study highlights the versatility of Zintl anions and the role of auxiliary ligands in directing crystal packing and stabilizing complex structures.