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Physical Properties of Amines

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.

Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview

Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview

In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists are agents that interact with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the synaptic cleft, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Consequently, the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft increases. These agonists can be classified into reversible and irreversible inhibitors based on their duration of action.
Reversible inhibitors display short to medium durations of action. Short-acting agents include simple alcohols with...

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

3-Chloro-pyridin-2-amine.

Zhi-Nan Hu, Hui-Bin Yang, Huan Luo

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|July 15, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a chloropyridine derivative, C(5)H(5)ClN(2). It reveals intermolecular hydrogen bonds forming cyclic dimers and short chlorine-chlorine interactions, offering insights into molecular assembly.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

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Published on: February 5, 2018

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Organic Chemistry
Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

The synthesis of ethyl 2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-5-oxopyrazolidine-3-carboxylate can yield by-products.
Understanding the structural and bonding characteristics of these by-products is crucial for reaction optimization and chemical knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the title compound, C(5)H(5)ClN(2).
To characterize the hydrogen bonding and chlorine-chlorine interactions present in the solid state.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional molecular structure.
Analysis of the crystal packing to identify and quantify intermolecular interactions.

Main Results:

The compound C(5)H(5)ClN(2) forms centrosymmetric cyclic dimers through intermolecular hydrogen bonding between amine groups and pyridine nitrogen atoms.
Short intermolecular chlorine-chlorine interactions (Cl⋯Cl) with a distance of 3.278(3) Å were observed.

Conclusions:

The crystal structure reveals specific intermolecular associations that dictate the compound's solid-state organization.
These findings contribute to the understanding of non-covalent interactions in chlorinated heterocyclic compounds.