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Related Concept Videos

Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
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Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
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Solubility03:00

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
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Updated: May 31, 2026

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
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Febuxostat methanol solvate.

Qi-Ying Jiang, Jing-Jing Qian, Jian-Ming Gu

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |July 15, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of febuxostat methanol monosolvate. It reveals a twist between the benzene and thia-zole rings and helical chains formed by hydrogen bonds.

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    Published on: February 7, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Medicinal Chemistry
    • Solid-State Chemistry

    Background:

    • Febuxostat is a medication used to treat gout by inhibiting xanthine oxidase.
    • Understanding the solid-state structure of drugs is crucial for formulation and bioavailability.
    • Methanol solvates can exhibit different physical and chemical properties compared to the anhydrous form.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the crystal structure of febuxostat methanol monosolvate.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.
    • To provide insights into the solid-state behavior of febuxostat.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and torsion angles.
    • Identification and analysis of hydrogen bonding networks.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of febuxostat methanol monosolvate (C(16)H(16)N(2)O(3)S·CH(4)O) was successfully determined.
    • A significant twist of 5.3(1)° was observed between the benzene and thia-zole rings of the febuxostat molecule.
    • Intermolecular O-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds were identified, forming helical chains along the 2(1) screw axis.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure provides a detailed understanding of febuxostat's solid form in the presence of methanol.
    • The observed molecular conformation and hydrogen bonding patterns are key features of this solvate.
    • This structural information is valuable for pharmaceutical development and predicting drug behavior.