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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...
Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
Acidity of 1-Alkynes02:42

Acidity of 1-Alkynes


The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.

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Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants
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Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

Published on: October 19, 2017

Adamantane-1-ammonium acetate.

Elise J C de Vries1, Caryn Gamble, Monika Nowakowska

  • 1Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|July 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how ammonium cations and acetate anions form a chain structure through hydrogen bonds. This crystal structure analysis provides insights into supramolecular chemistry and materials science.

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Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
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An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
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An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

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An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in the self-assembly of molecular structures.
  • Understanding crystal packing is fundamental to predicting material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(10)H(18)N(+)·C(2)H(3)O(2) (-).
  • To investigate the role of hydrogen bonding in the formation of extended structures.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of intermolecular interactions, specifically N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, was performed.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure features ammonium cations and acetate anions.
  • Ammonium cations form hydrogen bonds with three acetate anions (N-H⋯O).
  • These interactions lead to the formation of a chain structure along the b axis.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterized the crystal structure and hydrogen bonding network.
  • The observed chain structure highlights the directional nature of ammonium-acetate interactions.
  • This provides a basis for designing related materials with specific structural motifs.