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Updated: May 31, 2026

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
Ethyl 5-{[(E)-2-(isonicotinoyl)hydrazinyl-idene]methyl}-3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl-ate dihydrate
Zhao-Po Zhang1, Yuan Wang, Ming-Jia Lu
1Department of Physics and Chemistry, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
In the title compound, C(16)H(18)N(4)O(3)·2H(2)O, the dihedral angle between the pyrrole and pyridine rings in the hydrazone mol-ecule is 7.12 (3)°. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular N-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the hydrazone and water mol-ecules into double layers parallel to (101). The crystal packing exhibits weak π-π inter-actions between the pyrrole and pyridine rings of neighbouring hydrazone mol-ecules [centroid-centroid distance = 3.777 (3) Å]. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin, the refined ratio of twin domains being 0.73 (3):0.27 (3).
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Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.

