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Related Concept Videos

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Ketones with Nonenolizable Aromatic Aldehydes: Claisen–Schmidt Condensation01:01

Ketones with Nonenolizable Aromatic Aldehydes: Claisen–Schmidt Condensation

Benzaldehyde, like formaldehyde, lacks an α hydrogen and cannot enolize to form an enolate. Hence, the reaction of benzaldehyde with a ketone in the presence of an aqueous base forms a single crossed product. This reaction is referred to as Claisen–Schmidt condensation.
As the self-condensation of ketones is generally not favored in basic conditions, the self-condensed products do not form in the reaction between ketones and benzaldehyde. The general reaction of Claisen–Schmidt condensation is...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Common Names of Aldehydes and Ketones01:11

Common Names of Aldehydes and Ketones

Some common aldehydes and ketones are popularly known by their common names used historically and predate the IUPAC nomenclature.
Common names of aldehydes are derived from the names of their corresponding acid. For instance, the two-carbon aldehyde–acetaldehyde derives its name from the corresponding acid–acetic acid. Similarly, formaldehyde derives its name from formic acid and benzaldehyde from benzoic acid.
Aliphatic ketones are named by suffixing the word “ketone” to the alphabetically...

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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
08:43

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Published on: January 19, 2016

4-{2-[2-(4-Formyl-phen-oxy)eth-oxy]eth-oxy}benzaldehyde.

Zhen Ma1, Yiqun Cao

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engeneering, Guangxi University, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|July 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized a novel organic compound, C(18)H(18)O(5), using 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde and bis-(2,2-dichloro-ethyl) ether. Crystal analysis revealed specific molecular arrangements and intermolecular interactions contributing to its structure.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • The synthesis of novel organic compounds is crucial for developing new materials and understanding chemical interactions.
  • Bis-(2,2-dichloro-ethyl) ether is a reagent used in organic synthesis.
  • 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde is a common aromatic aldehyde.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a new organic compound with the molecular formula C(18)H(18)O(5).
  • To elucidate the crystal structure and molecular packing of the synthesized compound.
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions stabilizing the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical synthesis involving the reaction of 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde with bis-(2,2-dichloro-ethyl) ether in dimethyl-formamide.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of molecular geometry, including bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles.
  • Identification and analysis of intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds and C-H···π interactions.

Main Results:

  • The title compound, C(18)H(18)O(5), was successfully synthesized.
  • The crystal structure revealed the molecule lies on a twofold rotation axis, with carbonyl, aryl, and O-CH(2)-CH(2) groups being nearly coplanar (r.m.s. deviation of 0.030 Å).
  • Aromatic rings exhibited a dihedral angle of approximately 78.31°, and the 3D network was stabilized by O-H···O hydrogen bonds and C-H···π interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully synthesized and characterized a novel organic compound.
  • The crystal structure provides insights into the molecular conformation and packing.
  • Intermolecular forces play a significant role in stabilizing the observed three-dimensional crystal network.