Estolides synthesis catalyzed by immobilized lipases

Area of Science:

• Green Chemistry
• Biocatalysis
• Lubricant Technology

Background:

• Estolides are bio-based lubricants derived from fatty acids.
• Traditional lubricant synthesis often involves harsh chemicals and conditions.
• Developing sustainable alternatives is crucial for environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the enzymatic synthesis of estolides from oleic acid and methyl ricinoleate.
• To evaluate the performance of different immobilized lipases for estolide production.
• To characterize the properties of the synthesized estolides.

Main Methods:

• Enzymatic synthesis of estolides using immobilized lipases (Novozym 435, Lipozyme RM-IM, Lipozyme TL-IM) in a solvent-free medium.
• Monitoring reaction progress via acid value titration.
• Assessing lubricant properties including pour point, viscosity, and viscosity index.

Main Results:

• Novozym 435 exhibited the highest catalytic activity and performance.
• Water removal significantly improved reaction conversion.
• The synthesized estolides demonstrated favorable low-temperature properties (pour point -24°C) and excellent viscosity characteristics (VI 153).
• Novozym 435 retained activity over four reuse cycles.

Conclusions:

• Immobilized lipases, particularly Novozym 435, are effective catalysts for estolide synthesis.
• Solvent-free estolide production is feasible and yields high-quality bio-lubricants.
• The synthesized estolides possess desirable properties for lubricant applications.