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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
04:33

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Cognitive underperformance and symptom over-reporting in a mixed psychiatric sample.

Brechje Dandachi-FitzGerald1, Rudolf W H M Ponds, Maarten J V Peters

  • 1Psy-Q Mental Health Care Institute, Maastricht & School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. b.fitzgerald@maastrichtuniversity.nl

The Clinical Neuropsychologist
|July 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive underperformance and symptom over-reporting are common in psychiatric patients. Over-reporting, measured by the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS), strongly correlates with higher Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) scores.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
04:33

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuropsychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive underperformance and symptom over-reporting can impact diagnostic accuracy in psychiatric populations.
  • Understanding the prevalence and relationship between these factors is crucial for effective patient assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of cognitive underperformance and symptom over-reporting in a mixed psychiatric sample.
  • To examine the relationship between these two dimensions and their association with standard neuropsychological tests and symptom severity measures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Amsterdam Short-Term Memory Test (ASTM) for cognitive underperformance and the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) for symptom over-reporting.
  • Administered additional neuropsychological tests and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) to 183 psychiatric patients.
  • Analyzed correlations between test scores and demographic data.

Main Results:

  • 34% of patients failed the ASTM, SIMS, or both.
  • A modest negative correlation was found between ASTM and SIMS scores (r = -.22).
  • Over-reporting on the SIMS showed the strongest association with higher SCL-90 scores. Patients failing only the ASTM showed poorer memory performance.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive underperformance and symptom over-reporting appear to be distinct, loosely coupled dimensions in psychiatric patients.
  • Symptom over-reporting is significantly associated with self-reported symptom severity (SCL-90).
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering both factors in clinical evaluations.