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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
10:52

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

Plasmablastic lymphoma and related disorders.

Eric D Hsi1, Robert B Lorsbach, Falko Fend

  • 1Dept of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology
|July 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reviews plasmablastic lymphomas (PBLs) and related disorders, focusing on distinct entities within this heterogeneous group. It provides diagnostic recommendations for these challenging B-cell lymphomas.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematopathology
  • Oncology
  • Immunophenotyping

Background:

  • B-cell lymphomas with plasmablastic features represent a heterogeneous group with overlapping characteristics.
  • Distinct clinicopathologic and molecular genetic features aid in recognizing specific entities.
  • The 2009 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop focused on plasmablastic lymphomas (PBLs) and related disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review plasmablastic lymphomas (PBLs) and related disorders based on submitted cases.
  • To illustrate key diagnostic points and highlight controversial areas in PBL classification.
  • To provide recommendations on assessment features and terminology for PBLs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of submitted cases from the 2009 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop.
  • Discussion of topics including human herpesvirus 8-associated Castleman disease, PBLs in HIV infection, and ALK+ DLBCL.
  • Analysis of lymphomas with plasmablastic or plasmacytic features.

Main Results:

  • Identification of distinct clinicopathologic and molecular genetic features for specific entities.
  • Clarification of diagnostic challenges and controversial aspects in PBLs.
  • Case-based illustrations of key diagnostic points.

Conclusions:

  • Recommendations for assessing features and standardized terminology in PBLs.
  • Improved understanding of the heterogeneity within B-cell lymphomas with plasmablastic features.
  • Guidance for pathologists dealing with PBLs and related entities.