Spontaneous liberation of nitric oxide cannot account for in vitro vascular relaxation by S-nitrosothiols

S-nitrosothiols are potent vasodilators in vivo and in vitro, and have recently been proposed as possible endogenous precursors of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). NO release from S-nitrosothiols has generally been assumed to be spontaneous, but this has not been proven. This hypothesis was examined by altering the NO release profiles of two S-nitrosothiols, those of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO), and observing their relaxation potency on isolated endothelium-denuded rat aortic rings. Spontaneous degradation of SNAP and GSNO in tissue bathing medium (monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography) and the associated NO release (assessed by chemiluminescence detection of headspace NO) were enhanced in the presence of 100 microM N-acetylpenicillamine and inhibited in the presence of 100 U/ml superoxide dismutase. However, the relaxant effects of SNAP and GSNO were enhanced in the presence of superoxide dismutase, and diminished in the presence of N-acetylpenicillamine. In addition, the relaxation potencies of SNAP, GSNO, S-nitrosocystein, S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine and S-nitroso-coenzyme A were not correlated with spontaneous NO generation. These findings therefore argue against spontaneous liberation of NO as a predominant mechanism of S-nitrosothiol action. The highly polar SNAP, GSNO, S-nitrosocysteine and S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (octanol, pH 7.4 buffer partition coefficient from less than .025-.052) and the bulky and polar S-nitroso-coenzyme A (MW 797) have similar relaxation potencies, indicating that intracellular penetration of intact S-nitrosothiols may not be required for activity. NO generation from SNAP was examined in subcellular fractions of bovine coronary arterial smooth muscle cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)